Metrology is one of the important technical foundations of the manufacturing industry, integrated into the entire process of product design, research and development, production, testing, and use. Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the *Opinions on the Innovative Development of Metrology in the Manufacturing Industry*, aiming to further enhance the metrology capabilities of the manufacturing industry, consolidate the supporting role of metrology in building a modern industrial system, and accelerate the upgrading of the industrial foundation of the manufacturing industry. To better understand and implement the *Opinions*, the relevant contents are interpreted as follows: I. What is the background for issuing the *Opinions*? Metrology is one of the important technical foundations of the manufacturing industry, integrated into the entire process of product design, research and development, production, testing, and use. Manufacturing metrology refers to the innovative application and specific practice of metrology in the manufacturing field. It is a key support for promoting the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, an important foundation for building a modern industrial system, and of great significance for accelerating the advancement of new industrialization and realizing the construction of a strong manufacturing country. The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to metrology work in the manufacturing industry. The *Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035* clearly proposes to "implement the industrial foundation reconstruction project and improve the industrial foundation support system such as metrology". The *Metrology Development Plan (2021-2035)* (Guofa〔2021〕No. 37) puts forward clear requirements for metrology work in the manufacturing industry. In recent years, China's manufacturing metrology cause has developed rapidly and made a series of progress. However, there are still shortcomings such as insufficient effective supply of metrology, inadequate empowerment of metrology applications, and slow upgrading of metrology innovation, which restrict the upgrading of industrial foundation and the modernization of industrial chain. To implement the deployment of the *Metrology Development Plan (2021-2035)* and consolidate the supporting role of metrology in building a modern industrial system, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has formulated and issued the *Opinions on the Innovative Development of Metrology in the Manufacturing Industry*, aiming to strengthen the effective supply of manufacturing metrology, deepen the empowerment of manufacturing metrology applications, and promote the innovation and upgrading of manufacturing metrology. It puts forward 14 key tasks to further improve the manufacturing metrology capability system, ensuring that products can be "measured, measured accurately, measured comprehensively, and measured quickly", so as to provide strong support for accelerating the technological innovation of the manufacturing industry and advancing new industrialization. II. What are the main objectives of the *Opinions*? The *Opinions* is the first policy document in the field of manufacturing metrology. It adheres to the basic principles of innovation leadership, foundation first, systematic promotion, and coordinated development, takes improving the innovation capability of manufacturing metrology as the main line, and takes achieving precision measurement as the goal. Combined with the current industrial status and the requirements for high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, it is proposed that by 2027, positive progress will be made in the development of manufacturing metrology: more than 100 key metrological calibration technologies will be broken through; more than 300 industry metrological calibration specifications will be formulated and revised; more than 100 sets of measuring instruments and reference materials will be developed; the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain and supply chain will be significantly improved; more than 50 high-quality instrument and meter enterprises will be cultivated; more than 10 high-level metrological calibration technology service institutions for the manufacturing industry will be promoted to build; the technical service network will be basically improved; and the service capability will basically cover important industrial fields. By 2030, the innovation level of manufacturing metrology will continue to improve, the technical service network will be more improved, the comprehensive metrological strength in important fields will be greatly enhanced, which will strongly support the high-quality development of China's manufacturing industry. III. How does the *Opinions* strengthen the effective supply of manufacturing metrology? Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's manufacturing metrology supply has been continuously strengthened, promoting technological iteration and product innovation. However, it still faces challenges such as measuring instruments and reference materials being controlled by others, imperfect metrological technical specification system, and weak reserve of professional metrological talents. The *Opinions* puts forward 6 key tasks, including breaking through key common metrological technologies, accelerating the research and development of high-end measuring instruments, strengthening the development of reference materials, improving the metrological technical specification system, cultivating high-quality instrument and meter enterprises, and building a team of professional metrological talents. These mainly include innovating methods of quantity traceability and quantity transmission in emerging fields, breaking through a number of key metrological technologies, and strengthening mutual learning and promotion with advanced metrological technologies in the national defense science, technology and industry system; developing a number of high-precision, integrated and intelligent measuring instruments, strengthening the pilot test and application verification of measuring instruments, and improving the reliability, stability, safety and applicability of independent measuring instruments; accelerating the development and application of reference materials in key fields, establishing a quality traceability system for reference materials, and forming full-life-cycle supervision capabilities; formulating and revising metrological technical specifications by classification, and promoting the coordinated development of metrological technical specifications with advanced technology research and standard formulation; promoting mutual promotion and progress between metrology and the instrument and meter industry, and building a number of high-end instrument and meter industrial clusters with distinctive characteristics and prominent advantages; cultivating comprehensive and applied talents who are familiar with industrial conditions and master high metrological technology, and improving the evaluation, guarantee and incentive mechanisms for manufacturing metrological talents. IV. How does the *Opinions* deepen the empowerment of manufacturing metrology applications? Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's manufacturing metrology has made remarkable progress in empowering industrial development, but it still faces challenges such as a single metrology service model, lack of high-level metrology institutions, and inefficient advanced service system. The *Opinions* puts forward 4 key tasks, including innovating metrology service models, strengthening metrological verification services, building metrological technical service institutions, and improving the advanced metrological service system. These mainly include supporting metrology institutions to carry out "one-stop" services, strengthening the use of calibration methods to ensure the accuracy of quantity values in the whole process of products; urging enterprises and institutions in the manufacturing field to carry out verification in accordance with the law for the highest metrological standards used and the working measuring instruments included in the compulsory verification catalog; systematically arranging the construction of high-level metrological calibration technology service institutions for the manufacturing industry, and strengthening the evaluation of service efficiency; promoting high-level metrological calibration technology service institutions, professional metrological stations and calibration laboratories in the manufacturing industry to jointly build an efficient service network, and encouraging metrological institutions to "go global with enterprises" and develop in a diversified way. V. How does the *Opinions* promote the innovation and upgrading of manufacturing metrology? Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's manufacturing metrology has steadily advanced towards high-end, intelligent and green transformation and upgrading. However, it still faces challenges such as backward metrological management concepts and inefficient metrological transformation and upgrading. The *Opinions* puts forward 4 measures, including improving advanced metrological management, promoting high-end development of metrology, promoting intelligent transformation of metrology, and advancing green upgrading of metrology. These mainly include guiding enterprises to incorporate metrological management requirements into their management systems, strengthening guidance and urging enterprises with weaknesses in metrological management to improve; encouraging regional and small and medium-sized metrological institutions to grow stronger, strengthening the efficient supply of high-accuracy and high-reliability measuring instruments, reference materials and other products, and accelerating the high-quality iteration of metrological technical specifications; strengthening the application of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing in the field of manufacturing metrology, increasing the digital and intelligent transformation of metrological standard devices and metrological services, studying and establishing manufacturing metrology databases, and promoting the networked connection of metrological resources; comprehensively promoting low-energy-consumption and low-emission measuring instruments and reference materials, widely implementing electronic certificates, researching carbon metrology technologies, and exploring carbon metrology systems. VI. After the issuance and implementation of the *Opinions*, how to ensure its implementation? In the next step, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will strengthen organizational guarantees from 4 aspects: strengthening organizational implementation, increasing resource input, focusing on industry guidance, and deepening international cooperation. It will also strengthen departmental coordination and central-local linkage, work together with local competent departments of industry and information technology, affiliated units, scientific research institutes, industry associations (federations) and key enterprises to do a good job in the publicity, training and interpretation of the *Opinions*, ensure the implementation of various tasks and work objectives in the *Opinions*, and jointly promote the innovative development of manufacturing metrology to achieve practical results.