In recent years, tunnel monitoring equipment has gradually shifted toward intelligence and wirelessization. Wireless monitoring devices and supporting information aggregation platforms, which were still experimental technologies just a few years ago, have now been widely applied in the underground engineering industry in Europe and America. Compared with traditional monitoring equipment, what advantages do wireless monitoring systems possess? Can this technology solve the dilemma of labor shortages in the European and American underground engineering industry? Development of Wireless Monitoring Equipment In the past, wireless monitoring devices in the tunnel engineering industry were always an experimental technology, but in recent years, this technology has developed rapidly and been widely applied. The types, functions, and intelligence levels of the equipment and supporting systems have become increasingly advanced. Currently, tunnel construction monitoring is mainly completed through traditional monitoring instruments such as visual inspection, extensometers, total stations, laser scanners, and photography. These traditional methods have many insurmountable problems in application, including: - In underground engineering, space is limited, making it difficult to set up traditional monitoring instruments. - Underground engineering conditions are complex and harsh, with corrosion, high temperatures, humidity, vibration, dust, combustible gases, etc., and traditional monitoring instruments sometimes fail to obtain effective data. - Underground engineering under construction lacks power supply and network coverage, and is too far from the ground, so setting up traditional monitoring instruments consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. - During the monitoring process of traditional monitors, workers need to enter the tunnel frequently, which increases the workload, poses safety risks, and leads to slow data interaction. In view of this, wireless monitoring systems based on a variety of small customized sensor nodes have become one of the best solutions to the above problems. Advantages of Wireless Monitoring Systems: - The sensor nodes used are small in size and can be installed in extremely narrow spaces in tunnels and shield machines. - Sensor nodes can be customized according to specific engineering conditions to cope with complex and harsh environments. - Sensor nodes are equipped with built-in batteries and wireless communication modules, eliminating the need for additional circuit and network line installation. If the tunnel is long, repeaters can be set up to maintain wireless communication.